Sunday, January 19, 2020
Waking up too early is unhealthy Essay -- Expository Essays
BEEP! BEEP! BEEP! BEEP! BEEP! BEEP! Youââ¬â¢re familiar with that sound, itââ¬â¢s the sound of youââ¬â¢re alarm clock. Itââ¬â¢s really hard for kids to wake up to the sound isnââ¬â¢t it? Itââ¬â¢s not even good for them either! Yet, kids, whose appetites for sleep are the biggest, have to wake up as early as 6:00 a.m.! Itââ¬â¢s crazy how they, the school boards, set the system up. And bus drivers, who also have to wake up quite early, might be having problems waking up. Even if they donââ¬â¢t, someone behind them might be and that puts the whole bus at risk! Anyways, the point is that the decision made for the school arrival time was wrong and it needs to be changed on a large scale. This means in EVERY high school. Starting school too early is not only a nuisance but it can also be very dangerous and it can have negative effects on a teenââ¬â¢s education. A Chicago chief of medicine states that sleep deprivation, found in many teens, can have negative affects on a teenââ¬â¢s mood, performance, attention, and behavior. Because teens start driving in high school, their safety in a car is also related to sleep deprivati...
Saturday, January 11, 2020
Jack in ââ¬ËLord of the Fliesââ¬â¢ and Heathcliff in ââ¬ËWuthering Heightsââ¬â¢ Essay
A comparative study of jack in ââ¬ËLord of the Fliesââ¬â¢ and Heathcliff in ââ¬ËWuthering Heightsââ¬â¢ and the conflict they represent between ââ¬Ëcivilisedââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ësavageââ¬â¢ behaviour. In this essay I will be focusing on the two different novels, ââ¬ËLord of the Fliesââ¬â¢ by William Golding and ââ¬ËWuthering Heightsââ¬â¢ by Emily Brà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½nte. I will concentrate on Jack in ââ¬ËLord of the Fliesââ¬â¢ and his constant conflict over leadership on the island, and Heathcliff in ââ¬ËWuthering Heightsââ¬â¢ and his conflict with Edgar Linton regarding Catherine Earnshaw. I will show how the two authors use different procedures to express the emotional and behavioural differences between savage and civilised behaviour. The two novels are very different in the way in which narration, viewpoint, language and the detail of the description is used. Much of ââ¬ËWuthering Heightsââ¬â¢ is a long flash back told by Nellie Dean, the former housekeeper to Mr Lockwood a tenant at Thrushcross grange. The text is extremely descriptive but also consists of Nellie Deanââ¬â¢s opinions and memories along with a few extracts form Catherine Earnshawââ¬â¢s diary. The novel contains more traditional language ââ¬ËThey both promisedâ⬠¦ to grow up rude as savages, the young master being entirely negligent how they behaved and what they did so they kept clear of him. ââ¬Ë Throughout the novel there is little speech used. When speech is used it consists of a variety of dialects, Standard English is used in conversations/comments by most of the characters. With Joseph being the acception and speaking Scottish, ââ¬ËMaister, coom Hither! Miss Cathyââ¬â¢s riven Thââ¬â¢ back off Thââ¬â¢ Helmeth uh Salvation unââ¬â¢ Heathcliffââ¬â¢s pawsed his fit intuh tââ¬â¢ first part uh Tââ¬â¢ Broadway to destruction!ââ¬â¢ This adds a bit of variety to the novel as it shows how different people from different parts of the country react to events. ââ¬ËLord of the Fliesââ¬â¢ uses more modern English ââ¬ËPiggy said nothing but nodded, solemnly. They continued to sit, gazing with impaired sight at the chiefââ¬â¢s seat and the glittering lagoon.ââ¬â¢ The story is narrated using an omniscient narrator, meaning we can see into the characters minds and so giving us a more detailed read. The characters are described more in depth and the surroundings i.e. the island. More adjectives are used in the description and this gives the reader more of a feeling of being there. The island is almost seen as a character rather than just a setting because of the amount of description used; ââ¬Ëthe sandy edge of the pool loomed up like a hillside. The water was warmer than his blood.ââ¬â¢ Heathcliff is one of the main characters in ââ¬ËWuthering Heights.ââ¬â¢ On his arrival all apart from Mr Earnshaw, who had brought him back home with him, instantly disliked him. Cathy and Hindley refused for him to sleep in their room and when they learned that their presents, which their father had brought back for them, were broken and lost Cathy responded by ââ¬ËGrinning and spitting at the stupid little thing.ââ¬â¢ Mrs Earnshaw wasnââ¬â¢t impressed either and scolded her husband and enquired ââ¬ËHow he could fashion to bring that gipsy brat into the house and if he were mad?ââ¬â¢ When he was first shown to the household he was described as ââ¬Ëdirty, ragged and had black hair, he was big enough to both walk and talk.ââ¬â¢ When he spoke for the first time he ââ¬Ërepeated over and over some gibberish that nobody could understand.ââ¬â¢ All this suggests that maybe he was from a foreign land. Nobody knows his origin as he was picked from the streets but his description suggests he is foreign; ââ¬Ëyouââ¬â¢re a prince in disguise. Who knows but your father was emperor of China and your mother an Indian Queen.ââ¬â¢ This is a comment made by Nellie Dean later in the story. However a few days after his arrival Heathcliff and Cathy become ââ¬Ëvery thickââ¬â¢ and eventually Nellie Dean warmed to him. Hatred between Hindley and Heathcliff remained, this was mainly due to Hindleyââ¬â¢s jealousness of the way in which his father treated Heathcliff i.e. much better than how Hindley was treated. Jack is one of the main characters in ââ¬ËLord of the Flies.ââ¬â¢ His background is unknown but is most probably similar to the other boys from the island, meaning he lived with his parents, he may have been sent away to school. First impressions of Jack were that ââ¬ËHe was tall, thin and bony: and his hair was red beneath the black gap. His face was crumpled and freckled, and ugly without silliness. Out of his face stared two light blue eyesââ¬â¢ he was bossy and in charge of the choir ââ¬ËHe shouted at them ââ¬Å"choir! Stand still.â⬠ââ¬Ë He makes himself appear confident; ââ¬ËMerridew turned to Ralph, ââ¬Å"Arenââ¬â¢t there any grown-ups?â⬠ââ¬Å"Noâ⬠Merridew sat down on a trunk and looked round the circle. ââ¬Å"Then weââ¬â¢ll have to look after ourselves.â⬠â⬠Jack also proved himself to be arrogant by responding ââ¬ËI ought to be chiefââ¬â¢ when a decision was made that a chief was required to decide things. Instantly he and Ralph didnââ¬â¢t get on, this was mainly jealousy on Jackââ¬â¢s behalf as Ralph was chosen as chief. Those surrounding them almost immediately dislike both Heathcliff and Jack. They also both gain an enemy, which they have, constant conflicts with throughout the novel. This being Jack and Ralph; Heathcliff and Hindley, and they both have unknown backgrounds; however Jackââ¬â¢s is slightly more certain. So in many respects the boys are similar. However there are differences between the two, the main one being appearance and initially Heathcliff appears not to be bossy, later in the novel though he becomes sly and blackmails to get what he wants. Heathcliffââ¬â¢s appearance deteriorates as his behaviour becomes more rebellious and wild. His looks become less civilised and turn more ââ¬Ësavageââ¬â¢ and unkempt ââ¬ËYou wash your dirty face and brush your hair.ââ¬â¢ This is reflected in his behaviour which has become much more raw ââ¬Ëtook my dingy volume by the scroop, and hurled it into the dog kennel vowing I hated a good book, Heathcliff kicked his to the same place.ââ¬â¢ This shows how the savage behaviour of Catherine and Heathcliff has changed the surroundings by pulling other civilised things; such as the bible to be more like them. Heathcliffââ¬â¢s attitude towards Hindley becomes increasingly more rebellious. He encourages Hindley to throw things and be nasty to him so that he can use previously received beatings against him and get Hindley into trouble with Mr Earnshaw; ââ¬Ëâ⬠Off, dog!â⬠cried Hindley, threatening him with an iron weight used for weighing potatoes and hay. ââ¬Å"Throw itâ⬠he replied, standing still, ââ¬Å"and then I shall tell how you boasted that you would turn me out of doors as soon as he died and see whether he will not turn you out directly.â⬠This shows Heathcliffââ¬â¢s sly side and hatred, so much hatred he feels that he needs Hindley to be gone completely from his life, this emphasises his savage uncivilised behaviour. As Jackââ¬â¢s behaviour becomes more savage his appearance changes his hair becomes longer ââ¬ËHis sandy hair, considerably longer than it had been when they dropped in, was lighter now,ââ¬â¢ and he uses war paints; ââ¬ËJack planned his new face. He made one cheek and one eye socket white, then he rubbed red over the other half of his face and slashed a black bar of charcoal across from right ear to left jaw.ââ¬â¢ He uses these war paints to become ââ¬Ëmaskedââ¬â¢ in evil and malice, he creates a new world and cuts out responsibilities. Like this he is able to cut himself off from the civilised world and transform to show his true personality, unruly and ââ¬Ësavageââ¬â¢. The conch in the book is something that is respected by all and represents law and order. To Jack the conch is like an adult and has the power that he wants, he wants to be in charge and be respected by all. Due to this there is great disruptions on the island. Both Jack and Heathcliffââ¬â¢s appearance deteriorates as their behaviour becomes more savage, again showing a similarity between the two. Heathcliffââ¬â¢s nature becomes increasingly more violent. The violence he uses is not physical, its verbal i.e. he makes threats and suggestive comments ââ¬Ëit is some devil that urges me to thwart my own schemes by killing him.ââ¬â¢ This suggests that Hindley is testing Heathcliffââ¬â¢s violent physical behaviour boundary and he may in fact of pushed him so far that it gets broken. This is not the only time in which we see a different side to Heathcliff, it is in fact one of many but the above may be the most severe. During Heathcliff and Hindleyââ¬â¢s argument about the colts another side of Heathcliff is seen. He blackmails Hindley by threatening to tell Mr Earnshaw of the beatings he has received from him; ââ¬ËI shall tell your father of the three thrashings youââ¬â¢ve given me this week.ââ¬â¢ This is a very devious manipulative move because he knows that Mr Earnshaw prefers him to Hindley and so therefore is likely to defend his ââ¬Ëgift of godââ¬â¢ Heathcliff. Jackââ¬â¢s nature is violent, and the amount of violence increases as you proceed through the book. He shows how he is angry and short tempered especially at the start and specifically towards piggy; he uses harsh words towards him ââ¬Ëshut up, fattyââ¬â¢, which are unnecessary. He continues to behave violently towards piggy ââ¬Ëâ⬠Here ââ¬â let me go!â⬠His voice rose to a shriek of terror as Jack snatched the glasses off his face.ââ¬â¢ Jack quite simply didnââ¬â¢t ask piggy for the use of his glasses and instead showed rudeness, ill mannered and violent behaviour by snatching them. It is also shown how Jackââ¬â¢s physical violence is initially kept pent up inside him but eventually releases itself onto piggy ââ¬ËThis from piggy and wails of agreement from some of the hunters drove Jack to violence. The bolting look came into his blue eyes. He took a step and able at last to hit someone stuck his fist into piggyââ¬â¢s stomach.ââ¬â¢ This again shows his dislike for piggy and shows how uncivilised and savage he in fact is. Both Jack and Heathcliff act violently but they release their aggression differently, Heathcliff tends to be clever with the way in which he acts and bribes, although he suggests that he could indeed handle releasing his aggression physically he doesnââ¬â¢t he sticks to what he knows best and shows a more mature attitude towards it. Jack on the other hand shows a more immature way of handling it; he uses both physical and verbal violence. The way in which he uses his words to try and harm others is different, and entails no maturity at all, he uses more childish thoughtless words, he may well use physical violence because he realises that his immature way of handling words is not making much of an effect. Heathcliffââ¬â¢s aggression becomes focused on Edgar Linton; this is because Heathcliff is jealous of the relationship Edgar has with Catherine. To show Heathcliffââ¬â¢s wildness and to develop the civilisation versus savagery theme Brà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½nte uses a different kind of language, a more intense harsh range of vocabulary. She uses words such as ââ¬Ëwith frightful vehemenceââ¬â¢ to prove that Heathcliff feels really deeply and means what he says, she shows him to be impatient, agitated and angry; ââ¬Ëstamping his foot and groaning in a sudden paroxysm.ââ¬â¢ This is another example of Heathcliffââ¬â¢s aggression being focused on Edgar Linton; ââ¬Ëâ⬠Cathy, this lamb of yours threatens like a bull!â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"It is in danger of splitting its skull against my knuckles. By god, Mr Linton, Iââ¬â¢m mortally sorry that you are not worth knocking down!ââ¬â¢ it shows his wildness and tells how Edgar is in for a beating. It all shows his savage behaviour and focused hatred on Edgar. Later in ââ¬ËLord of the Fliesââ¬â¢ Jackââ¬â¢s aggression becomes focussed on Ralph. This is a change as originally Jackââ¬â¢s violent, savage behaviour was directed at piggy. Their conflict over leadership and the type of society they should have on the island has great effects on the group as a whole and the boys take sides. Originally Jack was jealous of Ralph as he became leader and this was what Jack wanted to be, he was ââ¬Ëmortifiedââ¬â¢ when Ralph was chosen as chief and this proved he was respected more and more popular than Jack. However, constant disagreements between the two meant that the group split and more sided with Jack meaning that he was now in charge. Jack was insecure and thought all would return to Ralph, whilst he controlled all he showed the most savage behaviour and made his ââ¬Ëtribeââ¬â¢ hunt Ralph down and kill him. ââ¬Ëâ⬠Heave! Heave! Heave!â⬠a shrill prolonged cheer. Something boomed up on the red rock, and then the earth jumped and began to shake steadily while the noise as steadily increased. Ralph was shot into the air, thrown down, and dashed against branches. At his right hand and only a few feet away, the whole thicket bent and the roots screamed as they came out of the earth together.ââ¬â¢ This was Jackââ¬â¢s attempt at killing Ralph, it emphasises his savage, uncivilised behaviour. Goldingââ¬â¢s description of the roots is also a description of what would of happened to Ralph had he been in the way. Both boys show jealousy and the pent up aggression they receive from this they then focus on one person in particular. This is the person, which they feel most in ââ¬Ëdangerââ¬â¢ of, which threatens them the most. Again showing how similar the boys are. Heathcliffââ¬â¢s nature proves to be evil. This is shown by his bribery over the colts with Hindley; ââ¬ËYou must exchange horses with me; I donââ¬â¢t like mine and if you wont I shall tell your father of the three thrashings youââ¬â¢ve given me this week, and show him my arm which is black to the shoulder.ââ¬â¢ This shows just how far he would go to get his own way. He is constantly evil and constantly thinks like this, and when he throws the hot apple sauce at Edgar Linton this just emphasises the fact; ââ¬ËHe seized a tureen of hot apple sauce, the first thing that came under his grip and dashed it full against the speakers face and neck.ââ¬â¢ Brà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½nte suggests that Heathcliff could be from the devil by selecting words such as ââ¬Ëimp of Satanââ¬â¢ to emphasise this. This is backed up by the fact that his background is unknown. His innate evil is being brought out because of his surroundings. Jack leads the hunters. On one hunt jack found himself unable to kill the pig they had captured. This is why he was so excited when the group caught another pig and managed this time to kill it; ââ¬Ëâ⬠Look! Weââ¬â¢ve killed a pig ââ¬â we stole upon them ââ¬â we got in a circle.â⬠Voices broke from the hunters. ââ¬Å"We got in a circleâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ââ¬Å"We crept upâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ââ¬Å"The pig squealedâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Jack then puts the pigââ¬â¢s head on a stick ââ¬â the Lord of the Flies. By doing this he shows savage, evil and uncivilised behaviour. This is because in making the pigs head the Lord of the Flies he is making an idol of it; this is against one of the Ten Commandments. Christianity is seen as civilisation and so he is in fact going against it and therefore being uncivilised. He shows evil because by idolising the pig he is showing that he is proud of the fact that he has killed another living thing. Golding is saying that children do in fact have evil instincts inside which are brought out when they are in groups; this may be because they are trying to impress others. Both boys show evil behaviour, although Heathcliffââ¬â¢s you seem to be able to understand more as he has a reason and is more of a reaction to probing from others than anything else. Jackââ¬â¢s is a much deeper evil and he idolises the ââ¬Ëdarker sideââ¬â¢ of life. Heathcliffââ¬â¢s relationship with the natural world is very strong. His look is that of rugged and dirty ââ¬ËIf you wash your face and brush your hair it will be all right. But you are so dirty!ââ¬â¢ and therefore fits in with nature because that too is rugged and dirty. At the start when he firsts arrives at the family home he speaks gibberish; ââ¬Ëwhen it was set on its feet, it only stared round, and repeated over and over again some gibberish that nobody could understand.ââ¬â¢ This emphasises the fact that he is not civilised, the same as nature isnââ¬â¢t and therefore implying again that Heathcliff fits in with and is part of nature. Catherine Earnshaw describes him as ââ¬Ëa bleak, hilly, coal country.ââ¬â¢ This emphasises how close to nature he is as this is how his closest friends describe him. The ââ¬Ëbleak, hillyââ¬â¢ description also suggests that maybe he has little going for him and that his future is not a lot to look forward to. Whenever Heathcliff runs away he runs to the moors suggesting that this is where he feels most comfortable and sees nature as a friend to himself. After Heathcliff has runaway after hearing how Catherine plans to marry Edgar there is a storm. During the storm a tree is split; ââ¬Ësplit a tree offââ¬â¢ this tree symbolises Heathcliff and shows him splitting with Catherine and civilisation. It again shows how he is close to nature because natural things are being used to describe him. His name ââ¬ËHeathcliffââ¬â¢ is a natural name and is an oxymoron. It shows a contrast; ââ¬Ëheath describes a wide-open space where as ââ¬Ëcliffââ¬â¢ describes a cut off vertical edge. Golding connects jack to the natural world. He uses words such as ââ¬Ëthe forest and he were very stillââ¬â¢ to emphasise the fact that the two are very similar. However the connection is more of a link than a relationship. Jack uses the natural world for exploring and hunting and it appears that he knows much about it and is very much in tune with it; ââ¬ËJack seemed to know the wayââ¬â¢ suggesting that he has hunted and explored a lot before. This may be because it is with the natural world that he feels comfortable and safe and the fact that when he is annoyed he walks off when Ralph is chosen as chief emphasises this. ââ¬ËIf I blow the conch and they donââ¬â¢t come back; then weââ¬â¢ve had it.ââ¬â¢ It shows that Jack feels capable enough to lead the hunters away from the large group and still be safe. Both Heathcliff and Jack are very close to nature but Jack uses his more to help him where as Heathcliff uses his connection as a friend and to help him to calm down and forget his troubles. Heathcliff inspires very strong emotions in people of love and hate. This gives positive and negative sides to his character. His feelings tend to lead to insecurity, jealousy, savage and uncivilised behaviour. Hindley and Edgar Linton epically feel hate towards Heathcliff. This is sparked off by the fact that they cant except him into their civilised world because heââ¬â¢s from a different background. As well as the fact that Mr Earnshaw brought back Heathcliff as another son and so Hindley saw him as an intruder, and was extremely jealous of the way in which his father treated him. Heathcliff was brought into extremely unfortunate circumstances. However he does have positive sides; the fact that he cares for others so much that he would change for them, and the fact that when he is angry he does not always release it on others but in fact will runaway to the moors to calm down; ââ¬Ëhe had listened till he heard Catherine say it would degrade her to marry him, and then he stayed no farther.ââ¬â¢ Catherine, Nelly and Mr Earnshaw all loved Heathcliff greatly and this also suggests that in fact he must have good sides to him or elseââ¬â¢s they would not have loved him so, much. Jack also inspires strong emotions, however they are different from those of Heathcliff. Jack inspires fear and admiration. Admiration must be one of the biggest as Ralph admires him and they normally fight, argue and show constant dislike towards each other. Golding allows jack to apologise to piggy after stealing his glasses this raises admiration form the reader as well as other characters in the book. Jack is intimidating, this makes him feel like he has power over others which is what he wants; however this makes people dislike him, but they continue to follow him because they fear him; ââ¬Ëâ⬠who wants Jack for chief?â⬠with dreary obedience the choir raised their hands.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËDrearyââ¬â¢ emphasises the fact that the choir dislike Jack and donââ¬â¢t want to vote for him but do so because they fear him. Both boys shower others with strong emotions. Jack creates mainly negative feelings, or gains positive feedback from others after having previously doing something negative and then correcting it. Heathcliff creates equal positive and negative feelings. In writing this essay I have noticed many similarities in Heathcliff and Jack despite the very different context of the novels. I prefer Goldingââ¬â¢s style of writing as it gives a better description of the characters and the surroundings and more in sight into the story. However as the characters I prefer Heathcliff to Jack as the way in which he acts and responds to events are more understandable whereas Jack is full of evil.
Friday, January 3, 2020
Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 1129 Words
He laid on his bed, photographs taken out from their albums were scattered out around him. Her smooth warm hands holding gently on his right hand, it just wasnââ¬â¢t the same anymore. He needed to feel her flesh for one more time, her hands, where they belonged, in his. Her scent, so familiar, her dazzling chocolate brown eyes which were the kind that you can look into and get lost within it, her long wavy and golden brown hair that falls brilliantly over her chest and her kissable cherry lips. She was still painted on his mind. He got the letter that she sent him. It was the last thing she had ever sent to him. Her neat, cursive handwriting, the thoughts and words written, it captured on the paper forever. The paper even smelt of her, the letter contained ten words written carefully in dark black ink; ââ¬Å"Hanggaââ¬â¢t ako ay nabubuhay, umaasa ako. Mahal na mahal kita.â⬠He knew what it meant, translated it says ââ¬Å"As long as I live, I hope. I love you very much.â⬠He read those words out loud. His eyes drowned out by the tears that ran down his face like an overflowing river. The salty taste of his tears entered his mouth as he laid there, he felt helpless as nothing felt right anymore. Only she made things better, only she made him smile, only she knew him inside and out. He went to the bathroom which smelled of steam but felt relaxing and peaceful as soon as he stepped inside. He took his clothes off but kept hold of the letter and his favorite picture of her that sat in front of theShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1110 Words à |à 5 PagesI donââ¬â¢t know how I got to where I am, but Iââ¬â¢m here now, and I have to win if I want to live. I am in a game, and in order to live, I have to escape. Thatââ¬â¢s the thing, though: I donââ¬â¢t know how to escape. I was running for my life around this old house that looked like it came straight out of a horror movie. 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You must have had fathomed that some degree of formality had seeped between us. Born of habit, formulaic greetings had become a routine. You presume that Iââ¬â¢m a close friendRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1387 Words à |à 6 PagesI was wearing a beautiful blue dress with sapphire gems all around the chest area as I entered the ball with Ciel and Sebastian. I took a good look around here, the hallway was lined with gold. There was a servant ready to escort us to the ball room. Hello, come this way. He said, walking forward. Wow, this place is so fancy! I exclaimed, looking around. It s fake gold. Ciel bluntly replied, bringing my hopes down. I sighed. Ciel sounded like he wasn t in a very good mood. Ciel, lightenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1287 Words à |à 6 Pages In the morning, Caireann woke me up. She stood above my bed, shaking my shoulder. I opened my eyes, looking at her. Then I looked across the room to her empty bed. Andy s empty bed sat in the corner. I swallowed, climbing out of bed. Sleep well? Caireann asked me, starting out the door. Yeah, I said, going over to our small dresser. I had the bottom two drawers. Andy had the middle two, and Caireann had the top. I pulled open the drawers, pulling on a colorful tank top and a grayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1345 Words à |à 6 PagesLater that night, I was behind the wheel of my G-Wagon with Melissa in the passenger seat. She didnââ¬â¢t feel like driving since she was on the road all day and I understood so I didnââ¬â¢t mind when she asked me to. I had been tight-lipped. She kept eyeballing me as if she detected that something was bothering me but I just kept singing to my India Arie as if I was carefree. ââ¬Å"So are you going to tell me whatââ¬â¢s going on or noâ⬠Melissa said disrupting my own personal concert. I stopped singing and tookRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1085 Words à |à 5 PagesI WAS SITTING IN a taxi, wondering if I had overdressed for the evening, when I looked out the window and saw Mom rooting through a Dumpster. It was just after dark. A blustery March wind whipped the steam coming out of the manholes, and people hurried along the sidewalks with their collars turned up. I was stuck in traffic two blocks from the party where I was heading. Mom stood fifteen feet away. She had tied rags around her shoulders to keep out the spring chill and was picking through the trash
Thursday, December 26, 2019
Consumer Behavior What Affect Does It Have Potentially...
Consumer Behavior Analysis Introduction Consumer Behavior can be described in many ways. How does one describe it and just what affect does it have potentially on a community? One can imagine the positive or adverse effects it may have personally or with consumers, however, marketers know that value is the key in order to reach consumers. Our textbook provided the following focus; it states; ââ¬Å"This chapter focuses on precisely how the value a consumer obtains from a purchase or consumption act varies based on the context in which the act takes place. Situational influences are the team that captures these contextual effectsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Babin/Harris, Page 227) As the discussion continues on Consumer Behavior the following subjects of decision making, psychological variables, social and purchase influence, buying patterns, post-recession consumer and changes will be examined and applied to personal purchasing habits. Decision Making Purchase ââ¬â No 1 The following is the first purchase example from a journal assignment; Purchased three (3) bottles of Body Wash and two (2) bottles of mist from Bath and Body, located at Rivertown Crossings during the lunch hour. This was an intentional purchase; coupons were used to lower the cost so the desired state was in progress. To further illustrate this, ââ¬Å"Desired states can be affected by many factors, including reference group information, consumer novelty seeking, and cognitive thought processes.â⬠(Babin/Harris, Page 256) TheShow MoreRelatedSocial Media Is The Sharing Of Ideas Using Online Networks,1680 Words à |à 7 Pagesvarious sites have the ability to connect to millions of people, it provides opportunities to bring nurses together from all over the world to communicate an educate each other in a way that has never been done before (Peate, 2013). The second opportunity that will be discussed is information, health care organisations are now using social media to their advantage, by improving the quality and safety of overall healthcare, through the access to information. Providing nurses and potentially health consumersRead MoreWal Mart s Lowering Price967 Words à |à 4 Pagesprices has always been a main attraction for consumers. To provide domestic necessities at more than afforda ble prices draws potential customers from various other local retail stores. Being the top multinational retail company has allowed Wal-Mart stores to create economical and domestic shifts within respective communities. Despite being beneficial for consumers, Wal-Martââ¬â¢s economical and business practices have destroyed competitors within local communities and affected profits in such a way as toRead MoreFood Has A Large Impact On The Health Of Citizen Consumers1189 Words à |à 5 Pagesof U.S citizen consumers. 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Businesses are incorporated with unhealthy foods that are negatively affecting consumers will be hurt, butRead MoreValue And Its Influence On People s Living1533 Words à |à 7 Pageslife decision that people makes (Determine the true purpose of money in your life, 2016). Value is the monetary worth of something, which has great influence on indivudualââ¬â¢s behavior and attitude. When a purchase decision is made, it involves a value calculation. In general, value is measured by price. But the price does not really reflect the true value. The most common value is economic value. Beside economic value, there are cultural value and social value. Value is important to both individualRead MoreMarketing : Branding And Brand Management1483 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe relationship between brands and their consumers and how branding affects the revenue, market share and customer loyalty of various brands. 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This simple idea has turned into a trillion dollar industry making it possible for the average Joe to order something online and get it delivered to his/her door step from the seller, eliminating the need to go to a shopping mall to buy new thingsRead MoreThe Ethical Practices Of Managers And Co Workers1400 Words à |à 6 Page sdealing with what is good and bad and doing so with moral duty and obligation. The corporate perception of ethics often varies from the definition of the term which can cause an abundance of issues in the workplace. Interpretations range from what a personââ¬â¢s feelings say are right or wrong, religious beliefs, law requirements, or just what is acceptable to society morals. Despite the varying translations of business ethics one thing that is undeniable is the huge positive or negative affect it has onRead MoreA Culture As An Integrated Whole?1346 Words à |à 6 Pagesanthropologists say it is useful to look at a culture as an integrated whole? a. Culture, which is shaped by the set of beliefs, customs, values, norms, and behaviors transmitted through learning and observance (Kottak 2), is studied by numerous disciplines including: sociology, biology, psychology, history, medicine, anthropology, etc. However, what sets Anthropology apart from these distinct and often narrow views of human culture is the fact that Anthropology seeks to combine these separate views intoRead MoreEvaluation And Analysis Of A Change Management Plan1313 Words à |à 6 PagesManagement Plan Developing a successful organizational change management plan can be a difficult task for any organization. There are many moving parts to making the change plan work effectively and become ingrained within the organizationââ¬â¢s culture. Community Health Center of Central Wyoming (CHCCW) is currently in the middle of an organizational change transformation, however, CHCCW has missed crucial steps in the change management plan process, to make this change effective. The purpose of this assignment
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
Legalizing Marijuana Does Society Really Need Another Way...
At some point in the not-too-distant future, America will confront the question of whether or not to legalize the use and cultivation of marijuana. A recent poll shows that support for legalization has reached its highest level since the question was first asked thirty years ago, with 34 percent supporting a liberalization of policy. Among political elites there is a growing consensus that the harsh penalties imposed on those who grow, use, and sell marijuana are disproportionate to its harmful effects. Even among conservatives, opinion seems to be shifting. Whether the change should be welcomed is another matter. In a recent essay for National Review, Richard Lowry raises the question of whether marijuana is truly harmful-and heâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Much more potent is Lowrys argument against the conventional wisdom that pot is a gateway drug to such harder substances as LSD, cocaine, methamà phetamine, and heroin. Reversing accepted assumpà tions, Lowry denies both that kids who use marijuana go on to experiment with stronger drugs and that those who do so are led to this behavior by the marijuana itself. As he points out, just because a cocaine addict used marijuana first doesnt mean he is on cocaine because he smoked marijuana. To argue in this way is, he claims, to confuse temporality with causality. It is more likely that children who experiment with drugs of all kinds do so because of a preexisting behavioral problem. Its thus the kid, not the substance, who is the problem. Like the NRAs effective campaign to persuade the country that guns dont kill people, people kill people, Lowrys argument contains much truth. Of course a troubled child is more likely to try drugs than one with a firm sense of right and wrong. But thats far from being the end of the story. Just as a would-be murderer can usually do far more harm with a gun than he could with a less potent weapon, so a child in danger of losing his way can do more damage to himself when drugs are widely available for his use, as they surely would be if they were legalized. And then there is the questionShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words à |à 7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (ââ¬Å"Marijuanaâ⬠1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel ââ¬Å"highâ⬠or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (ââ¬Å"Marijuanaâ⬠1). Like mostRead MoreAnalysis Of Why Congress Should Legalize Pot By Jeffery Miron1066 Words à |à 5 Pages In the article, ââ¬Å"Why Congress Should Legalize Potâ⬠by Jeffery Miron, he lists many different reasons why he thinks marijuana should be legalized by the federal government for recreational use in the United States. Throughout the article Miron uses a consistent amount of logos in an effort to persuade or convince the readers that his opinion is correct. By continu ously listing facts and logical statements supporting federal legalization he hopes that the reader will understand and be able toRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should be Legalized Essay example1689 Words à |à 7 PagesDebate on why Marijuana should be legalized Marijuana is a public name for an illegal substance (drug) produced from the Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) plant. It is also called weed, ganja, grass, kaya and pot. The drug has many chemical compounds and in particular, it has THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) which is responsible for changing mind functions leading to alternations of cognition, mood, behavior, perception and consciousness. ââ¬Å"It is the most widely used illicit substance in the worldâ⬠(WorldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1349 Words à |à 6 PagesThe legalization of marijuana has been a debate that has been going on for the past decade. Many Americans (about 80 percent surveyed) do believe in the legalization while others disagree. With the correct facts in place, it is easy to prove that the legalization of marijuana is a huge benefit to the American people and those who disagree are disagreeing for the wrong reasons. One reason it should be legalized is marijuana can be used for medical purposes, others say it can help lower the debt inRead MoreDo You Love Me Mary Jane?1636 Words à |à 7 Pageswas prescribed medicinal marijuana. When Kaleka was interviewed he stated that the medicinal marijuana works. She feels that it is disappointing that people do not see marijuana as a good option to cure people. In the interview Kaleka said ââ¬Å"Personally I know that medicinal marijuana works. I think its disappointing that people who might really need it, someone whos gone through a tragedy like that, doesnt have access to that option.(Kaleka) Not only did medicinal marijuana treat his illnesses, butRead MoreThe Dangers Of Marijuana And Alcohol909 Words à |à 4 PagesMarijuana and alcohol have caused several problems over the past few years. However, alcohol has always been around. Marijuana has also always been around, but there was an absence of it for a good period of time. It is not becoming more popular all over the United States. Although neither stimulant s are good for you, the usage of both is in a very high demand. Both marijuana and alcohol have different side effects. Being an alcoholic is by no means healthy for a person. Any person can easilyRead MoreEssay on Marijuana Is Beneficial2227 Words à |à 9 Pagesquestion. Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of society or succumb to popular opinion and legalize Marijuana. Marijuana is a cure for anorexia as well as glaucoma. Marijuana is even a helping factor for relieving some symptoms of A.I.D.S. Still the government of our nation has Marijuana classified as a Division I drug. Which means it serves no medical use and does in no way benefit society. The studies outdated and scientifically proven to be incorrect still remainRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized For Recreational Purposes?2349 Words à |à 10 PagesShould marijuana be legalized for recreational purposes? That question, and many variances of it, have been kicked around and hotly debated for decades by the middling individual and politicians alike. Just recently, devout and faithful cannabis users have had a series of victories leading in the direction of one day national legalization of marijuana. Recreational users want marijuana legalized and politicians want the money from legalizing marijuana. It seems as if legalizing marijuana for recreationalRead MoreMarijuana, America s Favorite Drug2567 Words à |à 11 PagesSalvatorelli Marijuana, Americaââ¬â¢s Favorite Drug Many people throughout the world use drugs for numerous reasons. Drugs have been used primarily for medical uses and for recreational use. Most drugs that are not prescribed by a physician are illegal due to the effects they have on people who do them. Recreational drugs are in high demand, leading to a rise in drug dealing. Many people are arrested for buying and selling these drugs. One of the most common drugs sold and used illegally is marijuana. MarijuanaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1697 Words à |à 7 PagesMarijuana is currently illegal in the United States, and according to popular belief, is considered a dangerous substance like any other and decriminalization of this substance would send a message to the nationââ¬â¢s youth that marijuana use is acceptable, resulting in higher use rates. Some believe that it is dangerous and needs to be contained, while others believe it should only be a civil infraction, and not a crime punishable with steep fines and jail t ime. Marijuana offenders can experience jail
Monday, December 9, 2019
Gang Violence Case Study free essay sample
In a city where gang violence wreaks havoc and calamity occurs often, one neighborhood has the fortunate ability to end gang violence all together. By making the decision to close down a single house among many, the city of Sunnyside, WA along with its police department, have (Courtney)achieved their duty as Act Utilitarianââ¬â¢s. Their actions resulted in substantial consequences that have been shown to maximize the greater good of the entire community. The issue of gang violence has disrupted the city of Sunnyside for a long period of time. Especially that of one gang house, 808 W. Edison Ave; a house that has historically disrupted what is otherwise considered a calm neighborhood. In the tranquil canal bank neighborhood, the greatest number of people, the residents of other houses within the community, are being negatively affected by the actions of members in one home. According to one of the tenets of Utilitarianism, each personââ¬â¢s happiness is equally weighed. The acts of weapon-related violence that initiate from one home in a neighborhood do not benefit the greater good of all of the homes. Thus leading the community to take actions to achieve greater pleasure for the greater good. To solve the issue of being unsafe in the community, the city along with support from the police, fought to include the house (considered to be outside of city limits) in an already planned annexation of the area around the home. According to comments from not only the police but also members from within the community, fellow neighbors and citizens within the area experience both the sensations of safety and danger. They have experienced the feelings and pleasures of safety within their own homes and have also had these feelings taken away by the crimes committed by their neighbor. According to British philosopher, John Stuart Mills, one pleasure is more valuable than the other, ââ¬Å"if there [is] one to which all or almost all who have experience of both give a decided preference, irrespective of any feeling or moral obligation to prefer it, that is the more desirable pleasureâ⬠(Mill, 95). In this particular case we argue that people in the community experience both danger and safety. Safety, being higher in desirable pleasure by those competently acquainted with both, is therefore of superior quality. In order to maximize safety, the superior quality, the city had to gain jurisdiction of the property from the county. While the Yakima County Law enforcement had tried to maximize safety within the gang affiliated home as well as the surrounding community, County laws and regulations, being laxer than the cities, made it difficult to see any hope for improvement. However, after gaining jurisdiction of not only the West Edison home but also the surrounding Monson feedlot, the city was able to strictly enforce city law and code regulations. The process of maximizing safety began from within the home and moved outward toward the community. The process began when law enforcement interrupted yet another drive-by shooting at the house which at the time had children inside. The endangering of the inhabitants of the home as well as the other residents of the neighborhood was enough cause for the issuing of search warrants. During the exercising of one of these warrants, Sunnyside law enforcement brought along code enforcement officers to inspect the safety of the home. The inspectors found several structural problems including, ââ¬Å"broken rafters, sloping floors, cracked ceilings and a total of 21 bullet holes that could affect wiringâ⬠(Courtney). The deficiencies were enough to justify a substandard declaration of the home. Thus the house was deemed uninhabitable and residents were temporarily evicted with the consequence of full eviction if repairs were not made within thirty days. During the thirty days of temporary evictions, Sunnyside public works crews lined West Edison and Northwest Crescent road with concrete barriers to prevent through traffic as well as quick getaways by drive-bys. While the residents of the homes in the area (the greater good) are relieved that the violence stricken home is empty, not all are in favor of the roadblocks. Take for example resident Wallace Anderson Sr. , a neighbor and father of Sunnysideââ¬â¢s former police chief, who believes if someone wants to commit a crime ââ¬Å"heââ¬â¢ll just get in another wayâ⬠(Courtney). His ability to drive up and down the road was forfeited by the roadblocks and he personally enjoys ââ¬Å"[having] a road going both waysâ⬠(Courtney). While it is an inconvenience to Mr. Anderson to not be able to drive both ways on the road, it is a larger benefit to his safety to take measures that make drive-bys and their dangerous consequences less likely. When examining the actions of the Sunnyside law enforcement, through the lens of Act Utilitarianism, we see that the officers were justified in their actions of annexing and evicting the residents of 808 W. Edison Ave. While there are various inconveniences attached to both eviction and dead end streets, the residents of the West Edison home and surrounding homes ultimately benefitted from the both set backs. The residents of the West Edison home had to move, but are likely living in a safer home with better structural measures than their previous home. While all members of the community are no longer able to drive up and down the street, the consequence, being an increase in their safety, ultimately is of greater desired pleasure and therefore of superior quality. In conclusion we see that the safety of all members of a given community justify the process (along with the inconveniences) to obtain a given end.
Monday, December 2, 2019
The Pearl Essay Example
The Pearl Essay In The Pearl, the author, John Steinbeck, uses the pearl to express what human nature is. At the beginning of the novel, the pearl that Kino finds is described as large as being incandescent and as perfect as the moon; by the end of the novel, Kino looks at the pearl it is ugly, gray, like a malignant growth. In general, mankindââ¬â¢s are greedy, deceptive and evil. In the novel, Steinbeck tries to say that human nature tendency toward greed, deception and evil, which can cause something good and beautiful to become something bad and evil in both physical and mental ways. First of all, Steinbeck shows human beings are instinctively greedy. Steinbeck uses the scene to show humans are gluttonous is where the doctor comes to Kinos house and heals Coyotes after Kino has found a pearl. When Coyotes is bitten by the scorpion, Kino takes him to the doctor to get treatment. But the doctor refuses to heal Coyotes because Kino is indigent. Later On, after Kino owns the pearl, the doctor automatically comes to Kinos house and offers a treatment for Coyotes. After he treats Coyotes, he pretends that he does not know Kino has a pearl and asks Kino about the medical expenses. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You have a pearl? A good pearl? The doctor asks with interest (35). The reality is that he wants Kinos pearl more than giving people treatments. Although the doctor has a lot of money and his life is very plentiful, he still wants more and his is discontented. Obviously, the greed had already controlled the doctors mind and the way he acts. Another example that humans are greedy is the scene where Kino does not want to give up the pearl and keeps all his dreams also demonstrates peoples avarice. Juana, who is smart enough to figure out the reality of the pearl trouble, advises Kino to throw the pearl away. Juana says, This pearl is evil. This pearl is like a sin. It will destroy us all! (38). Even though Juana warns Kino that the pearl will bring misfortunes to the family and advises him to throw the pearl away, Kino neither takes the advice nor listens to what his wife says because Kinos mind is already overtaken by his dreams. He is only thinking of being Juana and Coyotes and himself standing and kneeling at the high alter (24), [dress] in the new white clothes (24), holding a Winchester carbine (25), and Coyotes sitting at a little desk in a school (25). Clearly, the greed is surpassed his mind and controls his actions and what he says. After Kino has found ofthe pearl of the world, everyone is willing to own it and they begin to start think of their own dreams, Every men suddenly [becomes] related to Kino, and Kinos pearl [goes] into the dreams, the schemes mans enemy (23). And so, the narrator says, For it is said humans are never satisfied, that you give them one thing and they want something more (25). In the scene where people try to steal Kinos pearl after the pearl is found (37-38), they do whatever that is possible in order to steal the pearl. Jealousy has grown in the heart of these people and jealousy has turned into greed. People are hurting each other and it is like a dog-eat-dog world. From greediness comes deception, which is another humans characteristic. In the scene where Kino sells his pearl, the pearl dealers try to deceive Kino since he is ignorant (48-52). They all act in collusion with each other because they want to buy the pearl at a very cheap price. In order to do that, all dealers tell lies, saying that the pearl was not valuable and it was a monstrosity because they are willing to deceive to get what they want. And, the doctor is also deceptive when he comes to Kinos house and heals Coyotes; the doctor reveals his characters of deception (30-33). The doctor makes Coyotes sick for a while by giving him a potion, which is in reality a dangerous substance. First, he overstates Coyotitos state of his illness, saying that he might die if he does not get immediate cure. Since Kino is ignorant, he does not know the doctor is telling the truth or not. The doctor gives Coyotes some potion and that makes him sick for a while and he says this potion would help Coyotes to get rid of the poison. In fact, Coyotes is getting better right before the doctor comes to heal him. The doctor smiles, but his eyes in their little lymph lined hammocks [do] not smile (30). As one reads this quote carefully, one can see what the purpose is when the doctor comes to Kinos house-either steals the pearl or forces Kino to pay for the treatment. Since the doctor knows he can retrieve power form Kino, he must want to do something to deceive Kino. The way that the doctor acts seems to be nice, helpful and kind; but what he does and thinks is unconcerned and deceptivemakes an illusion and lies to Kino. Lastly, evil is one of mankindââ¬â¢s instinctive qualities as well, which comes from peoples greed and deception. Steinbeck uses the doctor who refuses to treat Coyotes as a symbol of showing humans is evil. When Coyotesis bitten by the scorpion and Kino asked the doctor for treatments, he rejects to heal the Indian people who are not the same race as he is unless those people can prove that they have enough money to pay for his service, Have I nothing better to do than cure insect bites for little Indians? I am a doctor, not a veterinarian (11). Has he any money? No, they never have money. I, I alone in this world am supported to work for nothing and I am tired of it. See if he has any money! (11). Even though he might able to cure, he only cures those who can afford to pay for the treatment. On the other hand, the doctor might kills someone indirectly since the doctor refuses to heal those patients who do not get immediate cure. Also, in the scene where Kino hits Juana when she tries to throw the pearl away back in the sea without asking Kino, this reveals humans are naturally evil. He [strikes] her in the face and she [falls] among the boulders, and he [kicks] her in the side He [hisses] at her like a snake and she [stares] at him with wide unfrighten eyes, like a sheep before a butcher (59). Kino hits his wife and becomes more evil after he has found the pearl. Most important of all, he has lost his humanity and becomes like an animal. He will not consider his family anymore like he used to because he has turned evil and he is overtaken by his dreams. Also, Steinbeck uses the scene where people burn down Kinos house to show humans do evil acts to harm someone. Since the pearl dealers cannot think of a way that can deceive Kino, they burn down his house in revenge, which makes Kinos family become homeless. Kinos house has smokes of the first fires seeped out through the walls of the brush house (62) and is a tall edifice of fire lighted the pathway (63). Once again, human beings avarice and deception have turn into evil and make them do evil acts, which can harm people very easily. All in all, Steinbeck states the facts in The Pearl that humans are instinctively avaricious, deceptive and evil, which can cause something perfect and gorgeous into something bad and wicked in both physical and mental ways. At the beginning of the novel, the pearl is described as being lucent and perfect; later on, the pearl is described as having a curious dark on its surface; at the end, the pearl is ugly and gray. The doctor, townspeople and Kino, who are affected by greed, deception and evil of the humans characteristics, do something bad that makes the pearl becomes ugly and dark. We, human beings, do something bad and evil and our behavior will change the quality of an object. In other words, an objects quality depends on the way people look at it and how people treat it. If we try to get what we want and do not be concerned or examine our behaviors, something that is beautiful and perfect can turn into something bad and evil, just like the ending of this novel. The Pearl Essay Example The Pearl Paper The novel is about Kino a pearl fisher and his family. One day, a scorpion stung his son Coyotito. The doctor refused to treat him because Kino is poor and no money. So Kino went for pearl fishing in the hope that it would pay for his sons treatment. Kino found a pearl. The pearl buyers tried to cheat him and thieves attempted to kill him. Kino decided to escape with his family. Unfortunately Coyotito was killed. Kino and Juana returned home sadly and threw the pearl back into the sea. My critical view of The Pearl. John Steinbecks novel The Pearl is not an ordinary story. This is a story about a great pearl, a Mexican-Indian community, and great dreams. This book is wonderfully written by John Steinbeck in 1947. Through this novel, he tries to teach us a lot of moral values which are very important in our life. Through each character he expresses at least one moral value. I like the way he describes the life style of the poor pearl fishers, their culture, settings of village and feelings of the characters. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When I read the book, I can imagine Kino, Juana and Coyotito, their brush house with wooden floor, food and clothing. I became deeply involved in this story. Thus I can feel how Kino and Juana suffered without money to treat Coyotito. In this way, Kino and Juana looked like simple, pitiful characters. However, Steinbeck uses them as examples of people who are suffering without wealth and who are looked down by the upper class. I love his ability to portray the feelings of the family. Especially, when Kino dreams to give his son proper education and a better life for Juana. Even though Kino appears to be hot tempered and stubborn but he never lets his family down. So this indicates how should the head of a family be. Besides Kino, Steinbeck also shows Juanas character as a loving protective mother. When the doctor refused to treat Coyotito, she never gave up. She used seaweed poultice on Coyotitos wound, and this indicates how great a loving mother is. Steinbeck also shows Juana as a devoted wife, even though Kino used to beat and scold her. This novel of Steinbeck also tells us, how the Mexican-Indians are being ill-treated. He also reminds me of how greedy people can be. Just to get the pearl they can do anything. Here Steinbeck uses the thieves and doctor as examples of people who are greedy for the pearl. In fact he shows Kino turned to be o fierce, wild and slotted man in order to protect the pearl and his family. I believe that the love for money is the root of all evil and that John Steinbeck had this in mind when he wrote this novel. Overall the book is not only enjoyable to read, but educational too. I understand that greediness gives us nothing. I also learned how the Indians of Central America were treated by the Spanish. Besides, I understand the value of the family and love for each other. So, I would recommend this book to readers of all ages because it is very interesting, portrays cultural and moral values of any ethic community. Three Different Blurbs a) This novel by American writer John Steinbeck (1902-1968) is about a pearl diver Kino. When Kino finds an extra ordinary pearl, he hopes that it will change his life style. But later he regrets to find the evil pearl which causes a lot of trouble and kills his loving son. b) The Pearl is very short but wonderful. It is based on Mexican old folk legend and inspired by John Steinbeck on 1948. A poor pearl diver dreams of wealth and happiness for his family when he finds a priceless pearl. Do his dreams become true? Read the Pearl to know the answer. c) This book is an amazing parable of good and evil, and the destructive power of greed. Even though the book is small but it packs a powerful punch. Through this book Steinbeck try to teach a lesson about being greedy and stubborn. A good lesson for us to read. It is also an excellent example of cultural discrimination and inhumane treatment of others simply because of skin color and financial ability. 5.1 Definition of authorial critism According to Dugal Williamson (1989), says that authorial critism is the kind of critism that produces the effect of authorial individually and effaces all other factors which contribute to the intelligibility of meaning. Directly or indirectly, the authorial critics put the author at the centre of a text meaning and ignore the techniques of composition which manipulate the way readers respond to the text. Authorial critism does not allow us to see that the text is a kind of a staging of representations of signifying gestures, informed by social knowledges and training. 52 Definition of neo-rhetorical critism It is clear that Williamsons motive is to move away from author-centered critism towards the kind of critism that focuses on techniques of representation. He wants to kill off the Romantic author so that we may see the textual elements working to produce the effect of meaning. As an alternative to authorial critism, Williamson proposes the neo-rhetorical critism be it genre or discursive analysis, enables us to see that all texts owe an unacknowledged debt to other text, that behind the appearance of originality, texts employ generic conventions in terms of narrative and structure and style, all of which admit both repetition and variation. Analysis of my critical review When I analyze my critical review on The Pearl, I think it is based on authorial criticism. From my understanding of authorial criticism is the kind of critic that produces the effect of authorial individuality and effaces all the factors which contribute to the intelligibility of meaning. Directly or indirectly the author is given very much emphasis at the centre of a texts meaning. In contrast the techniques of writing which manipulate the way readers respond to the text is ignored. So in my critical review on The Pearl I did the same. I give more emphasis for the author. So my critical review was based on how the author describes the characters, plot, settings and feelings. And I never mentioned about how is the authors techniques of writing, the language elements, genres, the similes, gestures, idioms that he used and so on. This can be proofed in my critical review which has this line I like the way he describes the life style of the poor pearl fishers, culture, setting and their feelings. Dugal Williamson posits four overlapping strategies of authorial criticism. I think I have to follow the first and third strategies. According to the first strategy we should avoid linking a particular novel with other novels by the author, should not be looking for patterns of aesthetic significance between the any novels of the author and should not compare this novel or that particular novel is more representative. In my critical review, I never linked the Pearl with any other novel of Steinbeck. I totally avoid all the factors mentioned in the first strategy. My review is fully based on authors meaning or the message that he would like to converse. The third strategy of authorial criticism implies that we should avoid saying like this:- Pearl is proof that John Steinbeck is a master of his material, and a writer in whom great talent abides. Instead, we may say:- The pearl implies or suggests or indicates and etc. There are differences between these two sentences. The first suggest that John Steinbeck is responsible for the coherence and unity of the pearl, while the second sentence implies that meaning of the text is constructed following certain protocols or critical interpretative. So I follow the second way which I put like this she used seaweed poultice on Coyotitos wound and this indicates how great is a mother. Analysis of the selected online reviews The review (a) by a reader named Fatima (refer to appendix 1) on the Pearl seems to be more neo-rhetorical criticism. This is because the reader talks about the plot and content the story. The reader has also interpreted his understanding of which the author is trying to say. So she talks more on the people, the culture and society. Only one line speaks of Steinbeck which says he consider elements of community and politic in his work. There is no major relation between the author and text. So I would say this more of new rhetorical criticism rather than an authorial. The review (b) is written by a kid on 1st September 2004 (refer to appendix 2). According to my understanding, I think his review is more on new-rhetorical criticism rather than authorial. Because this reader also talks little bit about the main characters. The reader also compares this Pearl with other books of the author and says it is equally good. Besides, all of these the reader also mentions that Steinbeck is a literacy magician. This indicates that the reader try to highlight Steinbecks ability to describe the beautifulness of the nature. So this shows to me, that the reader try to mention the language style, literacy devices and the genres used by the author to describe it in real. However, there are two lines in this readers review look like authorial criticism. The sentences are sounds like this when Steinbeck describes Juana carrying the dead baby back into town in her dress I cried. When he writes it is as if you are watching a movie unfold inside of your head. After analyzing the particular lines I noticed that they are more to authorial criticism. Because that lines show that the reader also interpreted his understanding of what the author is trying to convey and he become deeply involved in the seen. I think the reader try to tell us how wonderfully Steinbeck describes the feelings of a sad mother using his imaginative and literacy devices. So based on my analysis, I think this review is mixture of both rhetorical criticism and authorial criticism. Through my analysis, I think the review (c) on the 14th May 2004 (refer to appendix 3) is also mixture of both new-rhetorical criticism and authorial criticism. Because the reader puts the author in the centre of the text. The reader says that Steinbeck wasnt trying to make you happy and have the book have a Hollywood ending. Steinbeck was trying to make a point These mean the reader gives more emphasis for the author. The author is treated as the origin of a works form and meaning. Besides the author is also used as a principle of writing. Because the reader did not say that Steinbeck made the story very sad and touching. But he mentions it indirectly in those sentences. This same readers also reflects the new-rhetorical criticism in his review. This can be proofed by the readers view of points which telling about Steinbecks style of writing and we would imagine something else when we read it. Not only these, the reader also says that Steinbeck used a lot of descriptions and a lot of similes. The reader also says there are sentences would stick to us like gum to the bottom of our shoe. So this indicates to me the language, genres and literacy devices that used by Steinbeck in his technique of writings. Essay I have always admired the beauty of pearl, but never known much about it. After reading the novel Pearl by Steinbeck, I realized the pearl is very great and valuable. It gives beauty and prestige for the people who own it. However this pearl also can change people to be greedy and selfish. This is clearly expressed by John Steinbeck in his novel Pearl. In addition, after reading the wonderful novel Pearl, my interest to know about the pearl increased. Thus, I chose the pearl as my key word to look for information on internet and I found so many interesting articles about pearl. However there are two articles which interested me very much. There are the history of pearl and American Pearls. It is very interesting to read the history of pearl. It gives me wonderful education and knowledge about the cultured pearl. Many thousands years ago, long before written history, pearl probably found by the humans while searching the seashore for food. Throughout history, the pearl with its warm inner glow and shimmering iridescences, has been one of the most highly prized and sought-after gems. Countless references to the pearl can be found in the religions and mythology of cultures from the earliest times. The ancient Egyptians prized pearls were very great. Cleopatra reportedly dissolved a single pearl in a glass of wine and drank it, simply to win a wager with Mark Anthony that she could consume the wealth of an entire nation in just one meal. In ancient Rome, pearls were considered the ultimate symbol of wealth and social standing. Besides, there were many other histories of pearls. The pearls were so highly regarded, a number of European countries actually passed laws forbidding anyone but the nobility to wear them. Well during the European expansion into the New York would, the discovery pearl in central American waters add to the wealth of Europe. Unfortunately, greed and lust for the sea-grown gems resulted in the depletion of virtually all the American Pearl oyster populations by the 17th Century. Until the early 1900s natural pearls were accessible only to the rich and famous. In 1916, famed French jeweler Jacques Cartier bought his landmark store on New Yorks famous Fifth Avenue by trading two pearl necklaces for the valuable property. But today, with advent of pearl cultivation, pearls are available and affordable to all. The birth of pearl is really amazing. Pearls are grown by live oyster far below the surface of the sea. They are born from oysters completely with a shimmering iridescence, luster and soft inner glow unlike any other gem stones. A natural pearl begins its life as a foreign object, such as parasite of shell that accidentally lodges itself in an oysters soft inner body where it cannot expelled. The case this irritant, the oysters body takes defensive action. The oyster forms a substance nacre around the irritant in order to protect itself. As long as the irritant remains with its body, the oyster will continue to secrete nacre around it, layer upon layer. Over time, the irritant will be completely encased by the silky crystalline coating. And the result ultimately is the lovely and lustrous gem called a pearl. Well the cultured pearl share the same properties as natural pearls. Oysters form cultured pearls in an almost identical fashion. The only difference is a person carefully implants their irritant in the oyster, rather than leaving it change. Modern pearl cultivation has become more selective. In Japanese pearl cultivation, highly skilled technicians carefully open live pearls oysters, and with surgical precision make an incision in the oysters body. Then the oysters will be sent to sea back and observed by the technicians. Later the oyster will produce layer after layer lustrous nacre around the nuclear implanted within them. During the period of the oyster will be given health and cleaning treatment. Over time, after many months of growth and cave, the oysters are ready for harvest. After harvesting, pearls must be stored by the size and quality. Finally, the experts will make the pearl jewelry. However the article about American Pearls is also very knowledge and beneficial for me. This article describes about variefies of pearl. Pearl jewelry and clear explanations of the identity quality within each variety and customer service. Refer to appendix ( ) to view the picture American Pearl store is the direct connection to variety of cultured pearls from all over the world. The American Pearl provides all kinds of pearl jewelry. It offers the highest quality pearl which stands at the pearliest prices. American Pearls goals is to best provide customers with top quality service and help people to create memorable occasions such as birthdays, weddings, graduations, Valentines day and many more. It also specialize is selling cultured pearl jewelry imported from all over the world. It has long established relationship with pearl farmers from Australia (white south sea pearls), Tahiti (black south sea pearls), Indonesia (golden south sea) and Japan (Akoyo). The American Pearl is the direct importer and make a market for south sea pearls at wholesale prices which are imply unrivaled. Its gold smiths are well versed in designing the pearl jewelry appropriately according to the customers taste. Besides, American Pearl is the only source for Hawless pearls. Conclusion The novel Pearl by John Steinbeck is not only enjoyable but it also aroused, my interest to learn about the real oyster pearl and its history. I never knew there were cultured abalone pearls until I came across the internet online sources about pearl. The materials gave me wide range of explanation about pearls and the history. It has been wonderful education for me. Besides, I also learnt how to judge a book by reading the blurbs and other peoples reviews.
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