Consumer Behavior What Affect Does It Have Potentially...

Consumer Behavior Analysis Introduction Consumer Behavior can be described in many ways. How does one describe it and just what affect does it have potentially on a community? One can imagine the positive or adverse effects it may have personally or with consumers, however, marketers know that value is the key in order to reach consumers. Our textbook provided the following focus; it states; â€Å"This chapter focuses on precisely how the value a consumer obtains from a purchase or consumption act varies based on the context in which the act takes place. Situational influences are the team that captures these contextual effects†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Babin/Harris, Page 227) As the discussion continues on Consumer Behavior the following subjects of decision making, psychological variables, social and purchase influence, buying patterns, post-recession consumer and changes will be examined and applied to personal purchasing habits. Decision Making Purchase – No 1 The following is the first purchase example from a journal assignment; Purchased three (3) bottles of Body Wash and two (2) bottles of mist from Bath and Body, located at Rivertown Crossings during the lunch hour. This was an intentional purchase; coupons were used to lower the cost so the desired state was in progress. To further illustrate this, â€Å"Desired states can be affected by many factors, including reference group information, consumer novelty seeking, and cognitive thought processes.† (Babin/Harris, Page 256) TheShow MoreRelatedSocial Media Is The Sharing Of Ideas Using Online Networks,1680 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious sites have the ability to connect to millions of people, it provides opportunities to bring nurses together from all over the world to communicate an educate each other in a way that has never been done before (Peate, 2013). The second opportunity that will be discussed is information, health care organisations are now using social media to their advantage, by improving the quality and safety of overall healthcare, through the access to information. Providing nurses and potentially health consumersRead MoreWal Mart s Lowering Price967 Words   |  4 Pagesprices has always been a main attraction for consumers. To provide domestic necessities at more than afforda ble prices draws potential customers from various other local retail stores. Being the top multinational retail company has allowed Wal-Mart stores to create economical and domestic shifts within respective communities. Despite being beneficial for consumers, Wal-Mart’s economical and business practices have destroyed competitors within local communities and affected profits in such a way as toRead MoreFood Has A Large Impact On The Health Of Citizen Consumers1189 Words   |  5 Pagesof U.S citizen consumers. Various diseases are developed due to food related issues. In order to prevent food related diseases from developing in U.S consumers there must be several laws placed to stop the production of foods that carry factors leading to diseases. In result to laws being placed cracking down on the health of the nation health care costs will potentially decrease as well. Businesses are incorporated with unhealthy foods that are negatively affecting consumers will be hurt butRead MoreFood Has A Large Impact On The Health Industry1392 Words   |  6 Pagesthe health of U.S consumers. Various diseases are developed due to food related issues. In order to prevent food related diseases from developing in U.S consumers there must be several laws placed to stop the production of foods that carry factors leading to diseases. In result to laws being placed cracking down on the health of the nation health care costs will potentially decrease as well. Businesses are incorporated with unhealthy foods that are negatively affecting consumers will be hurt, butRead MoreValue And Its Influence On People s Living1533 Words   |  7 Pageslife decision that people makes (Determine the true purpose of money in your life, 2016). Value is the monetary worth of something, which has great influence on indivudual’s behavior and attitude. When a purchase decision is made, it involves a value calculation. In general, value is measured by price. But the price does not really reflect the true value. The most common value is economic value. Beside economic value, there are cultural value and social value. Value is important to both individualRead MoreMarketing : Branding And Brand Management1483 Words   |  6 Pagesthe relationship between brands and their consumers and how branding affects the revenue, market share and customer loyalty of various brands. How Branding Affects Revenue In order for a company to generate revenue, they need to make sales and this they can achieve by presenting their offering in a way that makes it easily identifiable to your target audience. Therefore, without branding it becomes difficult for a company to make any sales since consumers are normally reluctant when it comes toRead MoreThe Online Shopping Industry Has Changed The World1305 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1979, Michael Aldrich gave birth to an idea called online shopping. This idea is a form of electrical commerce in which buyers can directly sell to their consumers without any help of an intermediary and this communication would happen electronically. This simple idea has turned into a trillion dollar industry making it possible for the average Joe to order something online and get it delivered to his/her door step from the seller, eliminating the need to go to a shopping mall to buy new thingsRead MoreThe Ethical Practices Of Managers And Co Workers1400 Words   |  6 Page sdealing with what is good and bad and doing so with moral duty and obligation. The corporate perception of ethics often varies from the definition of the term which can cause an abundance of issues in the workplace. Interpretations range from what a person’s feelings say are right or wrong, religious beliefs, law requirements, or just what is acceptable to society morals. Despite the varying translations of business ethics one thing that is undeniable is the huge positive or negative affect it has onRead MoreA Culture As An Integrated Whole?1346 Words   |  6 Pagesanthropologists say it is useful to look at a culture as an integrated whole? a. Culture, which is shaped by the set of beliefs, customs, values, norms, and behaviors transmitted through learning and observance (Kottak 2), is studied by numerous disciplines including: sociology, biology, psychology, history, medicine, anthropology, etc. However, what sets Anthropology apart from these distinct and often narrow views of human culture is the fact that Anthropology seeks to combine these separate views intoRead MoreEvaluation And Analysis Of A Change Management Plan1313 Words   |  6 PagesManagement Plan Developing a successful organizational change management plan can be a difficult task for any organization. There are many moving parts to making the change plan work effectively and become ingrained within the organization’s culture. Community Health Center of Central Wyoming (CHCCW) is currently in the middle of an organizational change transformation, however, CHCCW has missed crucial steps in the change management plan process, to make this change effective. The purpose of this assignment

Legalizing Marijuana Does Society Really Need Another Way...

At some point in the not-too-distant future, America will confront the question of whether or not to legalize the use and cultivation of marijuana. A recent poll shows that support for legalization has reached its highest level since the question was first asked thirty years ago, with 34 percent supporting a liberalization of policy. Among political elites there is a growing consensus that the harsh penalties imposed on those who grow, use, and sell marijuana are disproportionate to its harmful effects. Even among conservatives, opinion seems to be shifting. Whether the change should be welcomed is another matter. In a recent essay for National Review, Richard Lowry raises the question of whether marijuana is truly harmful-and he†¦show more content†¦Much more potent is Lowrys argument against the conventional wisdom that pot is a gateway drug to such harder substances as LSD, cocaine, metham ­ phetamine, and heroin. Reversing accepted assump ­ tions, Lowry denies both that kids who use marijuana go on to experiment with stronger drugs and that those who do so are led to this behavior by the marijuana itself. As he points out, just because a cocaine addict used marijuana first doesnt mean he is on cocaine because he smoked marijuana. To argue in this way is, he claims, to confuse temporality with causality. It is more likely that children who experiment with drugs of all kinds do so because of a preexisting behavioral problem. Its thus the kid, not the substance, who is the problem. Like the NRAs effective campaign to persuade the country that guns dont kill people, people kill people, Lowrys argument contains much truth. Of course a troubled child is more likely to try drugs than one with a firm sense of right and wrong. But thats far from being the end of the story. Just as a would-be murderer can usually do far more harm with a gun than he could with a less potent weapon, so a child in danger of losing his way can do more damage to himself when drugs are widely available for his use, as they surely would be if they were legalized. And then there is the questionShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreAnalysis Of Why Congress Should Legalize Pot By Jeffery Miron1066 Words   |  5 Pages In the article, â€Å"Why Congress Should Legalize Pot† by Jeffery Miron, he lists many different reasons why he thinks marijuana should be legalized by the federal government for recreational use in the United States. Throughout the article Miron uses a consistent amount of logos in an effort to persuade or convince the readers that his opinion is correct. By continu ously listing facts and logical statements supporting federal legalization he hopes that the reader will understand and be able toRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should be Legalized Essay example1689 Words   |  7 PagesDebate on why Marijuana should be legalized Marijuana is a public name for an illegal substance (drug) produced from the Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) plant. It is also called weed, ganja, grass, kaya and pot. The drug has many chemical compounds and in particular, it has THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) which is responsible for changing mind functions leading to alternations of cognition, mood, behavior, perception and consciousness. â€Å"It is the most widely used illicit substance in the world† (WorldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe legalization of marijuana has been a debate that has been going on for the past decade. Many Americans (about 80 percent surveyed) do believe in the legalization while others disagree. With the correct facts in place, it is easy to prove that the legalization of marijuana is a huge benefit to the American people and those who disagree are disagreeing for the wrong reasons. One reason it should be legalized is marijuana can be used for medical purposes, others say it can help lower the debt inRead MoreDo You Love Me Mary Jane?1636 Words   |  7 Pageswas prescribed medicinal marijuana. When Kaleka was interviewed he stated that the medicinal marijuana works. She feels that it is disappointing that people do not see marijuana as a good option to cure people. In the interview Kaleka said â€Å"Personally I know that medicinal marijuana works. I think its disappointing that people who might really need it, someone whos gone through a tragedy like that, doesnt have access to that option.(Kaleka) Not only did medicinal marijuana treat his illnesses, butRead MoreThe Dangers Of Marijuana And Alcohol909 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana and alcohol have caused several problems over the past few years. However, alcohol has always been around. Marijuana has also always been around, but there was an absence of it for a good period of time. It is not becoming more popular all over the United States. Although neither stimulant s are good for you, the usage of both is in a very high demand. Both marijuana and alcohol have different side effects. Being an alcoholic is by no means healthy for a person. Any person can easilyRead MoreEssay on Marijuana Is Beneficial2227 Words   |  9 Pagesquestion. Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of society or succumb to popular opinion and legalize Marijuana. Marijuana is a cure for anorexia as well as glaucoma. Marijuana is even a helping factor for relieving some symptoms of A.I.D.S. Still the government of our nation has Marijuana classified as a Division I drug. Which means it serves no medical use and does in no way benefit society. The studies outdated and scientifically proven to be incorrect still remainRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized For Recreational Purposes?2349 Words   |  10 PagesShould marijuana be legalized for recreational purposes? That question, and many variances of it, have been kicked around and hotly debated for decades by the middling individual and politicians alike. Just recently, devout and faithful cannabis users have had a series of victories leading in the direction of one day national legalization of marijuana. Recreational users want marijuana legalized and politicians want the money from legalizing marijuana. It seems as if legalizing marijuana for recreationalRead MoreMarijuana, America s Favorite Drug2567 Words   |  11 PagesSalvatorelli Marijuana, America’s Favorite Drug Many people throughout the world use drugs for numerous reasons. Drugs have been used primarily for medical uses and for recreational use. Most drugs that are not prescribed by a physician are illegal due to the effects they have on people who do them. Recreational drugs are in high demand, leading to a rise in drug dealing. Many people are arrested for buying and selling these drugs. One of the most common drugs sold and used illegally is marijuana. MarijuanaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1697 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana is currently illegal in the United States, and according to popular belief, is considered a dangerous substance like any other and decriminalization of this substance would send a message to the nation’s youth that marijuana use is acceptable, resulting in higher use rates. Some believe that it is dangerous and needs to be contained, while others believe it should only be a civil infraction, and not a crime punishable with steep fines and jail t ime. Marijuana offenders can experience jail

Gang Violence Case Study free essay sample

In a city where gang violence wreaks havoc and calamity occurs often, one neighborhood has the fortunate ability to end gang violence all together. By making the decision to close down a single house among many, the city of Sunnyside, WA along with its police department, have (Courtney)achieved their duty as Act Utilitarian’s. Their actions resulted in substantial consequences that have been shown to maximize the greater good of the entire community. The issue of gang violence has disrupted the city of Sunnyside for a long period of time. Especially that of one gang house, 808 W. Edison Ave; a house that has historically disrupted what is otherwise considered a calm neighborhood. In the tranquil canal bank neighborhood, the greatest number of people, the residents of other houses within the community, are being negatively affected by the actions of members in one home. According to one of the tenets of Utilitarianism, each person’s happiness is equally weighed. The acts of weapon-related violence that initiate from one home in a neighborhood do not benefit the greater good of all of the homes. Thus leading the community to take actions to achieve greater pleasure for the greater good. To solve the issue of being unsafe in the community, the city along with support from the police, fought to include the house (considered to be outside of city limits) in an already planned annexation of the area around the home. According to comments from not only the police but also members from within the community, fellow neighbors and citizens within the area experience both the sensations of safety and danger. They have experienced the feelings and pleasures of safety within their own homes and have also had these feelings taken away by the crimes committed by their neighbor. According to British philosopher, John Stuart Mills, one pleasure is more valuable than the other, â€Å"if there [is] one to which all or almost all who have experience of both give a decided preference, irrespective of any feeling or moral obligation to prefer it, that is the more desirable pleasure† (Mill, 95). In this particular case we argue that people in the community experience both danger and safety. Safety, being higher in desirable pleasure by those competently acquainted with both, is therefore of superior quality. In order to maximize safety, the superior quality, the city had to gain jurisdiction of the property from the county. While the Yakima County Law enforcement had tried to maximize safety within the gang affiliated home as well as the surrounding community, County laws and regulations, being laxer than the cities, made it difficult to see any hope for improvement. However, after gaining jurisdiction of not only the West Edison home but also the surrounding Monson feedlot, the city was able to strictly enforce city law and code regulations. The process of maximizing safety began from within the home and moved outward toward the community. The process began when law enforcement interrupted yet another drive-by shooting at the house which at the time had children inside. The endangering of the inhabitants of the home as well as the other residents of the neighborhood was enough cause for the issuing of search warrants. During the exercising of one of these warrants, Sunnyside law enforcement brought along code enforcement officers to inspect the safety of the home. The inspectors found several structural problems including, â€Å"broken rafters, sloping floors, cracked ceilings and a total of 21 bullet holes that could affect wiring† (Courtney). The deficiencies were enough to justify a substandard declaration of the home. Thus the house was deemed uninhabitable and residents were temporarily evicted with the consequence of full eviction if repairs were not made within thirty days. During the thirty days of temporary evictions, Sunnyside public works crews lined West Edison and Northwest Crescent road with concrete barriers to prevent through traffic as well as quick getaways by drive-bys. While the residents of the homes in the area (the greater good) are relieved that the violence stricken home is empty, not all are in favor of the roadblocks. Take for example resident Wallace Anderson Sr. , a neighbor and father of Sunnyside’s former police chief, who believes if someone wants to commit a crime â€Å"he’ll just get in another way† (Courtney). His ability to drive up and down the road was forfeited by the roadblocks and he personally enjoys â€Å"[having] a road going both ways† (Courtney). While it is an inconvenience to Mr. Anderson to not be able to drive both ways on the road, it is a larger benefit to his safety to take measures that make drive-bys and their dangerous consequences less likely. When examining the actions of the Sunnyside law enforcement, through the lens of Act Utilitarianism, we see that the officers were justified in their actions of annexing and evicting the residents of 808 W. Edison Ave. While there are various inconveniences attached to both eviction and dead end streets, the residents of the West Edison home and surrounding homes ultimately benefitted from the both set backs. The residents of the West Edison home had to move, but are likely living in a safer home with better structural measures than their previous home. While all members of the community are no longer able to drive up and down the street, the consequence, being an increase in their safety, ultimately is of greater desired pleasure and therefore of superior quality. In conclusion we see that the safety of all members of a given community justify the process (along with the inconveniences) to obtain a given end.

The Pearl Essay Example

The Pearl Essay In The Pearl, the author, John Steinbeck, uses the pearl to express what human nature is. At the beginning of the novel, the pearl that Kino finds is described as large as being incandescent and as perfect as the moon; by the end of the novel, Kino looks at the pearl it is ugly, gray, like a malignant growth. In general, mankind’s are greedy, deceptive and evil. In the novel, Steinbeck tries to say that human nature tendency toward greed, deception and evil, which can cause something good and beautiful to become something bad and evil in both physical and mental ways. First of all, Steinbeck shows human beings are instinctively greedy. Steinbeck uses the scene to show humans are gluttonous is where the doctor comes to Kinos house and heals Coyotes after Kino has found a pearl. When Coyotes is bitten by the scorpion, Kino takes him to the doctor to get treatment. But the doctor refuses to heal Coyotes because Kino is indigent. Later On, after Kino owns the pearl, the doctor automatically comes to Kinos house and offers a treatment for Coyotes. After he treats Coyotes, he pretends that he does not know Kino has a pearl and asks Kino about the medical expenses. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You have a pearl? A good pearl? The doctor asks with interest (35). The reality is that he wants Kinos pearl more than giving people treatments. Although the doctor has a lot of money and his life is very plentiful, he still wants more and his is discontented. Obviously, the greed had already controlled the doctors mind and the way he acts. Another example that humans are greedy is the scene where Kino does not want to give up the pearl and keeps all his dreams also demonstrates peoples avarice. Juana, who is smart enough to figure out the reality of the pearl trouble, advises Kino to throw the pearl away. Juana says, This pearl is evil. This pearl is like a sin. It will destroy us all! (38). Even though Juana warns Kino that the pearl will bring misfortunes to the family and advises him to throw the pearl away, Kino neither takes the advice nor listens to what his wife says because Kinos mind is already overtaken by his dreams. He is only thinking of being Juana and Coyotes and himself standing and kneeling at the high alter (24), [dress] in the new white clothes (24), holding a Winchester carbine (25), and Coyotes sitting at a little desk in a school (25). Clearly, the greed is surpassed his mind and controls his actions and what he says. After Kino has found ofthe pearl of the world, everyone is willing to own it and they begin to start think of their own dreams, Every men suddenly [becomes] related to Kino, and Kinos pearl [goes] into the dreams, the schemes mans enemy (23). And so, the narrator says, For it is said humans are never satisfied, that you give them one thing and they want something more (25). In the scene where people try to steal Kinos pearl after the pearl is found (37-38), they do whatever that is possible in order to steal the pearl. Jealousy has grown in the heart of these people and jealousy has turned into greed. People are hurting each other and it is like a dog-eat-dog world. From greediness comes deception, which is another humans characteristic. In the scene where Kino sells his pearl, the pearl dealers try to deceive Kino since he is ignorant (48-52). They all act in collusion with each other because they want to buy the pearl at a very cheap price. In order to do that, all dealers tell lies, saying that the pearl was not valuable and it was a monstrosity because they are willing to deceive to get what they want. And, the doctor is also deceptive when he comes to Kinos house and heals Coyotes; the doctor reveals his characters of deception (30-33). The doctor makes Coyotes sick for a while by giving him a potion, which is in reality a dangerous substance. First, he overstates Coyotitos state of his illness, saying that he might die if he does not get immediate cure. Since Kino is ignorant, he does not know the doctor is telling the truth or not. The doctor gives Coyotes some potion and that makes him sick for a while and he says this potion would help Coyotes to get rid of the poison. In fact, Coyotes is getting better right before the doctor comes to heal him. The doctor smiles, but his eyes in their little lymph lined hammocks [do] not smile (30). As one reads this quote carefully, one can see what the purpose is when the doctor comes to Kinos house-either steals the pearl or forces Kino to pay for the treatment. Since the doctor knows he can retrieve power form Kino, he must want to do something to deceive Kino. The way that the doctor acts seems to be nice, helpful and kind; but what he does and thinks is unconcerned and deceptivemakes an illusion and lies to Kino. Lastly, evil is one of mankind’s instinctive qualities as well, which comes from peoples greed and deception. Steinbeck uses the doctor who refuses to treat Coyotes as a symbol of showing humans is evil. When Coyotesis bitten by the scorpion and Kino asked the doctor for treatments, he rejects to heal the Indian people who are not the same race as he is unless those people can prove that they have enough money to pay for his service, Have I nothing better to do than cure insect bites for little Indians? I am a doctor, not a veterinarian (11). Has he any money? No, they never have money. I, I alone in this world am supported to work for nothing and I am tired of it. See if he has any money! (11). Even though he might able to cure, he only cures those who can afford to pay for the treatment. On the other hand, the doctor might kills someone indirectly since the doctor refuses to heal those patients who do not get immediate cure. Also, in the scene where Kino hits Juana when she tries to throw the pearl away back in the sea without asking Kino, this reveals humans are naturally evil. He [strikes] her in the face and she [falls] among the boulders, and he [kicks] her in the side He [hisses] at her like a snake and she [stares] at him with wide unfrighten eyes, like a sheep before a butcher (59). Kino hits his wife and becomes more evil after he has found the pearl. Most important of all, he has lost his humanity and becomes like an animal. He will not consider his family anymore like he used to because he has turned evil and he is overtaken by his dreams. Also, Steinbeck uses the scene where people burn down Kinos house to show humans do evil acts to harm someone. Since the pearl dealers cannot think of a way that can deceive Kino, they burn down his house in revenge, which makes Kinos family become homeless. Kinos house has smokes of the first fires seeped out through the walls of the brush house (62) and is a tall edifice of fire lighted the pathway (63). Once again, human beings avarice and deception have turn into evil and make them do evil acts, which can harm people very easily. All in all, Steinbeck states the facts in The Pearl that humans are instinctively avaricious, deceptive and evil, which can cause something perfect and gorgeous into something bad and wicked in both physical and mental ways. At the beginning of the novel, the pearl is described as being lucent and perfect; later on, the pearl is described as having a curious dark on its surface; at the end, the pearl is ugly and gray. The doctor, townspeople and Kino, who are affected by greed, deception and evil of the humans characteristics, do something bad that makes the pearl becomes ugly and dark. We, human beings, do something bad and evil and our behavior will change the quality of an object. In other words, an objects quality depends on the way people look at it and how people treat it. If we try to get what we want and do not be concerned or examine our behaviors, something that is beautiful and perfect can turn into something bad and evil, just like the ending of this novel. The Pearl Essay Example The Pearl Paper The novel is about Kino a pearl fisher and his family. One day, a scorpion stung his son Coyotito. The doctor refused to treat him because Kino is poor and no money. So Kino went for pearl fishing in the hope that it would pay for his sons treatment. Kino found a pearl. The pearl buyers tried to cheat him and thieves attempted to kill him. Kino decided to escape with his family. Unfortunately Coyotito was killed. Kino and Juana returned home sadly and threw the pearl back into the sea. My critical view of The Pearl. John Steinbecks novel The Pearl is not an ordinary story. This is a story about a great pearl, a Mexican-Indian community, and great dreams. This book is wonderfully written by John Steinbeck in 1947. Through this novel, he tries to teach us a lot of moral values which are very important in our life. Through each character he expresses at least one moral value. I like the way he describes the life style of the poor pearl fishers, their culture, settings of village and feelings of the characters. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When I read the book, I can imagine Kino, Juana and Coyotito, their brush house with wooden floor, food and clothing. I became deeply involved in this story. Thus I can feel how Kino and Juana suffered without money to treat Coyotito. In this way, Kino and Juana looked like simple, pitiful characters. However, Steinbeck uses them as examples of people who are suffering without wealth and who are looked down by the upper class. I love his ability to portray the feelings of the family. Especially, when Kino dreams to give his son proper education and a better life for Juana. Even though Kino appears to be hot tempered and stubborn but he never lets his family down. So this indicates how should the head of a family be. Besides Kino, Steinbeck also shows Juanas character as a loving protective mother. When the doctor refused to treat Coyotito, she never gave up. She used seaweed poultice on Coyotitos wound, and this indicates how great a loving mother is. Steinbeck also shows Juana as a devoted wife, even though Kino used to beat and scold her. This novel of Steinbeck also tells us, how the Mexican-Indians are being ill-treated. He also reminds me of how greedy people can be. Just to get the pearl they can do anything. Here Steinbeck uses the thieves and doctor as examples of people who are greedy for the pearl. In fact he shows Kino turned to be o fierce, wild and slotted man in order to protect the pearl and his family. I believe that the love for money is the root of all evil and that John Steinbeck had this in mind when he wrote this novel. Overall the book is not only enjoyable to read, but educational too. I understand that greediness gives us nothing. I also learned how the Indians of Central America were treated by the Spanish. Besides, I understand the value of the family and love for each other. So, I would recommend this book to readers of all ages because it is very interesting, portrays cultural and moral values of any ethic community. Three Different Blurbs a) This novel by American writer John Steinbeck (1902-1968) is about a pearl diver Kino. When Kino finds an extra ordinary pearl, he hopes that it will change his life style. But later he regrets to find the evil pearl which causes a lot of trouble and kills his loving son. b) The Pearl is very short but wonderful. It is based on Mexican old folk legend and inspired by John Steinbeck on 1948. A poor pearl diver dreams of wealth and happiness for his family when he finds a priceless pearl. Do his dreams become true? Read the Pearl to know the answer. c) This book is an amazing parable of good and evil, and the destructive power of greed. Even though the book is small but it packs a powerful punch. Through this book Steinbeck try to teach a lesson about being greedy and stubborn. A good lesson for us to read. It is also an excellent example of cultural discrimination and inhumane treatment of others simply because of skin color and financial ability. 5.1 Definition of authorial critism According to Dugal Williamson (1989), says that authorial critism is the kind of critism that produces the effect of authorial individually and effaces all other factors which contribute to the intelligibility of meaning. Directly or indirectly, the authorial critics put the author at the centre of a text meaning and ignore the techniques of composition which manipulate the way readers respond to the text. Authorial critism does not allow us to see that the text is a kind of a staging of representations of signifying gestures, informed by social knowledges and training. 52 Definition of neo-rhetorical critism It is clear that Williamsons motive is to move away from author-centered critism towards the kind of critism that focuses on techniques of representation. He wants to kill off the Romantic author so that we may see the textual elements working to produce the effect of meaning. As an alternative to authorial critism, Williamson proposes the neo-rhetorical critism be it genre or discursive analysis, enables us to see that all texts owe an unacknowledged debt to other text, that behind the appearance of originality, texts employ generic conventions in terms of narrative and structure and style, all of which admit both repetition and variation. Analysis of my critical review When I analyze my critical review on The Pearl, I think it is based on authorial criticism. From my understanding of authorial criticism is the kind of critic that produces the effect of authorial individuality and effaces all the factors which contribute to the intelligibility of meaning. Directly or indirectly the author is given very much emphasis at the centre of a texts meaning. In contrast the techniques of writing which manipulate the way readers respond to the text is ignored. So in my critical review on The Pearl I did the same. I give more emphasis for the author. So my critical review was based on how the author describes the characters, plot, settings and feelings. And I never mentioned about how is the authors techniques of writing, the language elements, genres, the similes, gestures, idioms that he used and so on. This can be proofed in my critical review which has this line I like the way he describes the life style of the poor pearl fishers, culture, setting and their feelings. Dugal Williamson posits four overlapping strategies of authorial criticism. I think I have to follow the first and third strategies. According to the first strategy we should avoid linking a particular novel with other novels by the author, should not be looking for patterns of aesthetic significance between the any novels of the author and should not compare this novel or that particular novel is more representative. In my critical review, I never linked the Pearl with any other novel of Steinbeck. I totally avoid all the factors mentioned in the first strategy. My review is fully based on authors meaning or the message that he would like to converse. The third strategy of authorial criticism implies that we should avoid saying like this:- Pearl is proof that John Steinbeck is a master of his material, and a writer in whom great talent abides. Instead, we may say:- The pearl implies or suggests or indicates and etc. There are differences between these two sentences. The first suggest that John Steinbeck is responsible for the coherence and unity of the pearl, while the second sentence implies that meaning of the text is constructed following certain protocols or critical interpretative. So I follow the second way which I put like this she used seaweed poultice on Coyotitos wound and this indicates how great is a mother. Analysis of the selected online reviews The review (a) by a reader named Fatima (refer to appendix 1) on the Pearl seems to be more neo-rhetorical criticism. This is because the reader talks about the plot and content the story. The reader has also interpreted his understanding of which the author is trying to say. So she talks more on the people, the culture and society. Only one line speaks of Steinbeck which says he consider elements of community and politic in his work. There is no major relation between the author and text. So I would say this more of new rhetorical criticism rather than an authorial. The review (b) is written by a kid on 1st September 2004 (refer to appendix 2). According to my understanding, I think his review is more on new-rhetorical criticism rather than authorial. Because this reader also talks little bit about the main characters. The reader also compares this Pearl with other books of the author and says it is equally good. Besides, all of these the reader also mentions that Steinbeck is a literacy magician. This indicates that the reader try to highlight Steinbecks ability to describe the beautifulness of the nature. So this shows to me, that the reader try to mention the language style, literacy devices and the genres used by the author to describe it in real. However, there are two lines in this readers review look like authorial criticism. The sentences are sounds like this when Steinbeck describes Juana carrying the dead baby back into town in her dress I cried. When he writes it is as if you are watching a movie unfold inside of your head. After analyzing the particular lines I noticed that they are more to authorial criticism. Because that lines show that the reader also interpreted his understanding of what the author is trying to convey and he become deeply involved in the seen. I think the reader try to tell us how wonderfully Steinbeck describes the feelings of a sad mother using his imaginative and literacy devices. So based on my analysis, I think this review is mixture of both rhetorical criticism and authorial criticism. Through my analysis, I think the review (c) on the 14th May 2004 (refer to appendix 3) is also mixture of both new-rhetorical criticism and authorial criticism. Because the reader puts the author in the centre of the text. The reader says that Steinbeck wasnt trying to make you happy and have the book have a Hollywood ending. Steinbeck was trying to make a point These mean the reader gives more emphasis for the author. The author is treated as the origin of a works form and meaning. Besides the author is also used as a principle of writing. Because the reader did not say that Steinbeck made the story very sad and touching. But he mentions it indirectly in those sentences. This same readers also reflects the new-rhetorical criticism in his review. This can be proofed by the readers view of points which telling about Steinbecks style of writing and we would imagine something else when we read it. Not only these, the reader also says that Steinbeck used a lot of descriptions and a lot of similes. The reader also says there are sentences would stick to us like gum to the bottom of our shoe. So this indicates to me the language, genres and literacy devices that used by Steinbeck in his technique of writings. Essay I have always admired the beauty of pearl, but never known much about it. After reading the novel Pearl by Steinbeck, I realized the pearl is very great and valuable. It gives beauty and prestige for the people who own it. However this pearl also can change people to be greedy and selfish. This is clearly expressed by John Steinbeck in his novel Pearl. In addition, after reading the wonderful novel Pearl, my interest to know about the pearl increased. Thus, I chose the pearl as my key word to look for information on internet and I found so many interesting articles about pearl. However there are two articles which interested me very much. There are the history of pearl and American Pearls. It is very interesting to read the history of pearl. It gives me wonderful education and knowledge about the cultured pearl. Many thousands years ago, long before written history, pearl probably found by the humans while searching the seashore for food. Throughout history, the pearl with its warm inner glow and shimmering iridescences, has been one of the most highly prized and sought-after gems. Countless references to the pearl can be found in the religions and mythology of cultures from the earliest times. The ancient Egyptians prized pearls were very great. Cleopatra reportedly dissolved a single pearl in a glass of wine and drank it, simply to win a wager with Mark Anthony that she could consume the wealth of an entire nation in just one meal. In ancient Rome, pearls were considered the ultimate symbol of wealth and social standing. Besides, there were many other histories of pearls. The pearls were so highly regarded, a number of European countries actually passed laws forbidding anyone but the nobility to wear them. Well during the European expansion into the New York would, the discovery pearl in central American waters add to the wealth of Europe. Unfortunately, greed and lust for the sea-grown gems resulted in the depletion of virtually all the American Pearl oyster populations by the 17th Century. Until the early 1900s natural pearls were accessible only to the rich and famous. In 1916, famed French jeweler Jacques Cartier bought his landmark store on New Yorks famous Fifth Avenue by trading two pearl necklaces for the valuable property. But today, with advent of pearl cultivation, pearls are available and affordable to all. The birth of pearl is really amazing. Pearls are grown by live oyster far below the surface of the sea. They are born from oysters completely with a shimmering iridescence, luster and soft inner glow unlike any other gem stones. A natural pearl begins its life as a foreign object, such as parasite of shell that accidentally lodges itself in an oysters soft inner body where it cannot expelled. The case this irritant, the oysters body takes defensive action. The oyster forms a substance nacre around the irritant in order to protect itself. As long as the irritant remains with its body, the oyster will continue to secrete nacre around it, layer upon layer. Over time, the irritant will be completely encased by the silky crystalline coating. And the result ultimately is the lovely and lustrous gem called a pearl. Well the cultured pearl share the same properties as natural pearls. Oysters form cultured pearls in an almost identical fashion. The only difference is a person carefully implants their irritant in the oyster, rather than leaving it change. Modern pearl cultivation has become more selective. In Japanese pearl cultivation, highly skilled technicians carefully open live pearls oysters, and with surgical precision make an incision in the oysters body. Then the oysters will be sent to sea back and observed by the technicians. Later the oyster will produce layer after layer lustrous nacre around the nuclear implanted within them. During the period of the oyster will be given health and cleaning treatment. Over time, after many months of growth and cave, the oysters are ready for harvest. After harvesting, pearls must be stored by the size and quality. Finally, the experts will make the pearl jewelry. However the article about American Pearls is also very knowledge and beneficial for me. This article describes about variefies of pearl. Pearl jewelry and clear explanations of the identity quality within each variety and customer service. Refer to appendix ( ) to view the picture American Pearl store is the direct connection to variety of cultured pearls from all over the world. The American Pearl provides all kinds of pearl jewelry. It offers the highest quality pearl which stands at the pearliest prices. American Pearls goals is to best provide customers with top quality service and help people to create memorable occasions such as birthdays, weddings, graduations, Valentines day and many more. It also specialize is selling cultured pearl jewelry imported from all over the world. It has long established relationship with pearl farmers from Australia (white south sea pearls), Tahiti (black south sea pearls), Indonesia (golden south sea) and Japan (Akoyo). The American Pearl is the direct importer and make a market for south sea pearls at wholesale prices which are imply unrivaled. Its gold smiths are well versed in designing the pearl jewelry appropriately according to the customers taste. Besides, American Pearl is the only source for Hawless pearls. Conclusion The novel Pearl by John Steinbeck is not only enjoyable but it also aroused, my interest to learn about the real oyster pearl and its history. I never knew there were cultured abalone pearls until I came across the internet online sources about pearl. The materials gave me wide range of explanation about pearls and the history. It has been wonderful education for me. Besides, I also learnt how to judge a book by reading the blurbs and other peoples reviews.